This has led to the use of nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) for the treatment of CRCs. Prolonged exposure to inflammatory mediators such as cytokines, chemokines, and growth factors expressed during inflammatory responses result in a chronic inflammatory state associated with the initiation of CRC. Other factors such as microbial infections and chemical agents can also cause injury, which then triggers inflammatory responses. These parasites can cause tissue damage to the colorectum as they migrate through the body. Poor sanitation can lead to exposure to fecal parasites including soil-transmitted helminths. Poor living conditions expose PLWH to opportunistic infections which are exacerbated by malnutrition. The challenge with LMIC is the disparities in socioeconomic status. However,researchers did not include subjects from the low-middle income countries (LMIC), particularly those from the Sub-Saharan African regions. The study included 27 studies performed in North America (18), Europe (7), the Pacific region (4), and South America (1). found the incidence of CRC to be the same in HIV and non-HIV-infected individuals. Immunosuppression is the main factor that predisposes people living with human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) (PLWH) to infection-related cancers. By, 2040, the estimated number of new CRC cases is projected to be around 3.2 million and thus poses a great burden and continuing global public health challenge. More younger adults (<50 years old) are seen, with an incidence of a 1.5% increase every year from 2014 to 2018. The disease affects more men than women, with a lifetime risk of 1 in 23 and 1 in 25, respectively. Colorectal cancer (CRC) is the third most common and second most deadly cancer worldwide.

Colol rectal cancer and hiv